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Pure Aucklandia lappa oil for candle and soap making wholesale diffuser essential oil new for reed burner diffusers
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the long-term chronic degenerative bone joint diseases that affects the aged population over 65 [1]. Generally, OA patients are diagnosed with damaged cartilage, inflamed synovium, and eroded chondrocytes, which trigger pain and physical distress [2]. Arthritic pain is predominantly caused by the degeneration of cartilage in joints by inflammation, and when the cartilage is seriously damaged bones can collide with each other causing unbearable pain and physical hardship [3]. The involvement of inflammatory mediators with symptoms such as pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joint is well documented. In OA patients, inflammatory cytokines, which cause the erosion of cartilage and subchondral bone are found in the synovial fluid [4]. Two major complaints that OA patients generally have are pain and synovial inflammation. Therefore the primary goals of the current OA therapies are to lower pain and inflammation. [5]. Although the available OA treatments, including non-steroidal and steroidal drugs, have proven efficacies in alleviating pain and inflammation, the long-term uses of these drugs have severe health consequences such as cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, and renal dysfunctions [6]. Thus, a more effective medicine with fewer side effects has to be developed for the treatment of osteoarthritis.Natural health products are being increasingly popular for being safe and easily available [7]. Traditional Korean medicines have proven efficacies against several inflammatory diseases, including arthritis [8]. Aucklandia lappa DC. is known for its medicinal properties, such as enhancing the circulation of qi for relieving pain and soothing the stomach, and has been used traditionally as a natural analgesic [9]. Previous reports suggest that A. lappa possesses anti-inflammatory [10,11], analgesic [12], anticancer [13], and gastroprotective [14] effects. The various biological activities of A. lappa are caused by its major active compounds: costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, dihydrocostunolide, costuslactone, α-costol, saussurea lactone and costuslactone [15]. Earlier studies claim that costunolide showed anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induced the macrophages through the regulation of NF-kB and heat shock protein pathway [16,17]. However, no study has investigated the potential activities of A. lappa for OA treatment. The present research has investigated the therapeutic effects of A. lappa against OA using (monosodium-iodoacetate) MIA and acetic acid-induced rodent models.Monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA) is famously used to produce much of the pain behaviors and the pathophysiological features of OA in animals [18,19,20]. When injected into knee joints, MIA disarrays the chondrocyte metabolism and induces inflammation and inflammatory symptoms, such as cartilage and subchondral bone erosion, the cardinal symptoms of OA [18]. Writhing response induced with acetic acid is widely regarded as the simulation of peripheral pain in animals where the inflammatory pain can be quantitatively measured [19]. The mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, is popularly used to study the cellular responses to inflammation. Upon activation with LPS, RAW264 macrophages activate inflammatory pathways and secrete several inflammatory intermediaries, as such TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-6 [20]. This study has evaluated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of A. lappa against OA in MIA animal model, acetic acid-induced animal model, and LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
The dried root of A. lappa DC. used in the experiment was procured from Epulip Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., (Seoul, Korea). It was identified by Prof. Donghun Lee, Dept. of Herbal pharmacology, Col. of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, and the voucher specimen number was deposited as 18060301.2.2. HPLC Analysis of A. lappa Extract
A. lappa was extracted using a reflux apparatus (distilled water, 3 h at 100 °C). The extracted solution was filtered and condensed using a low-pressure evaporator. A. lappa extract had a yield of 44.69% after freeze-drying under −80 °C. Chromatographic analysis of A. lappa was conducted with a HPLC connected using a 1260 InfinityⅡ HPLC-system (Agilent, Pal Alto, CA, USA). For chromatic separation, EclipseXDB C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm, Agilent) was used at 35 °C. A total of 100 mg of the specimen was diluted in 10 mL of 50% methanol and sonicated for 10 min. Samples were filtered with a syringe filter (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) of 0.45 μm. The mobile phase composition was 0.1% phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) and the column was eluted as follows: 0–60 min, 0%; 60–65 min, 100%; 65–67 min, 100%; 67–72 min, 0% solvent B with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was observed at 210 nm using an injection volume of 10 μL. The analysis was performed in triplicate.2.3. Animal Housing and Management
Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats aged 5 weeks and male ICR mice aged 6 weeks were purchased from Samtako Bio Korea (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Animals were kept in a room using constant temperature (22 ± 2 °C) and humidity (55 ± 10%) and a light/dark cycle of 12/12 h. The animals were familiarized with the condition for more than a week before the experiment started. Animals had an ad libitum supply of feed and water. The current ethical rules for animal care and handling at Gachon University (GIACUC-R2019003) were strictly followed in all animal experimental procedures. The study was designed investigator-blinded and parallel trial. We followed the euthanasia method according to the guidelines of the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee.2.4. MIA Injection and Treatment
Rats were randomly separated into 4 groups, namely sham, control, indomethacin, and A. lappa. Being anesthetized with 2% isofluorane O2 mixture, the rats were injected using 50 μL of MIA (40 mg/m; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) intra-articularly into the knee joints to lead to experimental OA. The treatments were conducted as below: control and sham groups were maintained only with AIN-93G basic diet. Only, indomethacin group was provided with indomethacin (3 mg/kg) incorporated into AIN-93G diet and A. lappa 300 mg/kg group was assigned to AIN-93G diet supplemented with A. lappa (300 mg/kg). The treatments were continued for 24 days since the day of OA induction at the rate of 15–17 g per 190–210 g body weight on a daily basis.2.5. Weight Bearing Measurement
After OA induction, weight-bearing capacity measurement of hind limbs of the rats was performed with the incapacitance-MeterTester600 (IITC Life Science, Woodland Hills, CA, USA) as scheduled. The weight distribution on hind limbs was calculated: weight bearing capacity (%) -
Chinese Angelica Dahurica Root Extract Oil for Massage
Uses of Angelica
Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Strong scientific evidence supporting the use of Angelica is lacking. So far, much of the research on Angelica archangelica has been performed on animal models or in laboratory settings. As a whole, more human trials are needed on the potential benefits of Angelica.
The following is a look at what existing research says regarding the uses of Angelica.
Nocturia
Nocturia is a condition defined as the need to wake from sleep one or more times each night to urinate. Angelica has been studied for its use in relieving nocturia.
In one double-blind study, participants with nocturia who were assigned male at birth were randomized to receive either a placebo (an ineffective substance) or a product made from the Angelica archangelica leaf for eight weeks.4
The participants were asked to track in diaries when they urinated. The researchers evaluated the diaries both before and after the treatment period. By the end of the study, those who took Angelica reported fewer nocturnal voids (the need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate) than those who took the placebo, but the difference was not significant.4
Unfortunately, few other studies have been performed to determine whether Angelica can significantly improve nocturia. More research is needed in this area.
Cancer
While no supplement or herb can cure cancer, there is some interest in Angelica as a complementary treatment.
Researchers have studied Angelica’s potential anticancer effects in a lab. In one such study, researchers tested Angelica archangelica extract on breast cancer cells. They found that Angelica may help cause breast cancer cell death, leading researchers to conclude that the herb may have antitumor potential.5
A much older study performed on mice found similar results.6 However, these results have not been duplicated in human trials. Without human trials, there is no evidence that Angelica can help kill human cancer cells.
Anxiety
Angelica has been used in traditional medicine as a treatment for anxiety. However, scientific evidence to support this claim is scarce.
As with other uses of Angelica, the research on its use in anxiety has mostly been performed in lab settings or on animal models.
In one study, Angelica extracts were given to rats before they had to perform stress tests. According to the researchers, rats performed better after receiving Angelica, making it a potential treatment for anxiety.7
Human trials and more vigorous research are required to determine Angelica’s potential role in treating anxiety.
Antimicrobial Properties
Angelica is said to have antimicrobial properties, but well-designed human studies have not been performed to prove this claim.
According to some researchers, Angelica exhibits antimicrobial activity against:2
- Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
- Clostridium perfringens
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Eubacterium limosum
- Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
- Candida albicans
However, little context is given regarding how Angelica may inhibit these and other bacteria and fungi.
Other Uses
In traditional medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat additional ailments, including:1
Quality scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited. Be sure to talk to a healthcare provider prior to using Angelica for these and other health conditions.
What Are the Side Effects of Angelica?
As with any herb or supplement, Angelica may cause side effects. However, due to a lack of human trials, there have been few reports of possible side effects of Angelica.
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Pure natural organic magnolia essential oil flos magnoliae oil for perfume oil
Magnoliae Flos is a commonly used traditional medicinal material in Asia. It is used to treat sinusitis, nasal congestion, and hypersensitive skin. Because Magonlia Flos was described as an aromatic material in ancient Chinese texts, we hypothesized that its essential oil may be used to treat immune disorders. Dendritic cells (DCs), regarded as a major target of immunomodulators to control immune responses, play a critical role in the adaptive immune response. In this study, Magnoliae Flos essential oil (MFEO) decreased the production of the cytokines TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-12p70 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs. It also suppressed the surface markers MHC II, CD80, and CD86 in LPS-stimulated DCs. Animal models demonstrated that the 2,4-Dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) inducing a contact hypersensitivity response was inhibited following treatment with MFEO. In addition, MFEO inhibited the infiltration of T cells in the ears of DNFB-induced mice. To explore its bioactive compounds, the components of MFEO were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the major compounds in MFEO are camphor and 1,8-cineole. Additional DC bioassays confirmed that these compounds substantially suppressed cytokine production in LPS-induced DCs. Therefore, we demonstrated that MFEO exhibits an immunosuppressive effect both in vivo and in vitro, and camphor and 1,8-cineole may be the major components responsible for its immunosuppressive ability. The findings indicate that MFEO has the potential to be developed as a new immunosuppressant for excessive diseases.
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Pure Viticis Negundo Folium oil for candle and soap making wholesale diffuser essential oil new for reed burner diffusers
A kind of preparation method of five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil
Technical fieldThe present invention relates to five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil field, is a kind of preparation method of five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil.Background technologyIn foodstuffs industry, sanitas is one of most important additive.It is that a class be take the foodstuff additive that protection food value and original character is object.At present conventional sanitas is in the majority with chemosynthesis sanitas in the world, but luring of chemosynthesis sanitas is carcinous, teratogenecity and the problems such as food chronic poisoning that easily cause have caused social extensive concern.In recent years, along with the raising of people’s life and the level of consumption, the demand of food-processing also more and more changes to directions such as ” greens ” and ” natural “.Therefore, the research and development of natural safe functional foodstuff sanitas just seem more and more important.Antiseptics for natural food can be divided into microbialpreservatives (N,O-Diacetylmuramidase, nisin, tennecetin, epsilon-polylysine), creatural preservative (protamine, propolis, chitosan) and plant source antiseptic agent (tea-polyphenol, plants essential oil, garlicin, anthraquinone herbal medicine).Plants essential oil is wherein a class natural vegetal feed additives, can correct food peculiar smell, give fragrance, painted, anti-oxidant, antibiotic (anticorrosion) and the physiological and pharmacological effect in addition that have.As one of important sources of natural antiseptic agent, from plants essential oil, filter out efficient, economic, safe preservative substance as food preservatives, have broad application prospects and Research Significance greatly.At present, antibacterial research to plant is a lot, according to its research effect, roughly can be divided into following three kinds: to causing that restraining effect research of the pathogenic bacteria of food spoilage finds natural food preservatives, restraining effect research of phytopathogen is developed modern and restraining effect research of human body pathogenic bacteria is produced to newtype drug.Meanwhile, according to being divided into again the site of action of plant research: extract plants essential oil and carry out antibacterial research, roots of plants, stem, leaf are carried out to antibacterial experiment and the anti-microbial activity research to plant endogenesis fungus extract with organic solvent extraction.On the basis that the present invention is intended to five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil to extract; be applied to lotus rhizome anti-corrosive fresh-keeping; biocidal property, security as plant-sourced food preservatives; to obtaining green, safe and reliable plant-sourced food preservatives; for the comprehensive development and utilization of five-leaved chaste tree provides experiment basis; improve the utilization ratio of plant resources, create high economic worth.Five-leaved chaste tree (Vitex negundo Linn) is Verbenaceae Vitex species, another name five-leaved chaste tree bar, Fructus Viticis Negundo, cloth chaste tree, the twigs of the chaste tree, the five fingers wind, Folium vilicis Negundo.It is annual machaka or dungarunga, and plant height can reach 6m, and branch, leaf and stem all have fragrance, from base portion branch, and close raw canescence fine hair.Leaf is to life, and palmately compound leaf, has long handle, leaflet 3-5 sheet, and light green, is ellipticity avette to lanceolar, full edge or slightly sawtooth, the white fine hair of the close life in the back side, rubbing has peat-reek.The suitable existence of five-leaved chaste tree in the torrid zone and Temperate Region in China, is distributed widely in China Yangtze valley and each provinces and regions, south, and also there is distribution in Shandong.Eastern Africa also extensively distributes through the ground such as Bolivia of Madagascar, the southeast, Asia and South America.Yellow vitex seed, leaf, branch and root all can be used as medicine.Yellow vitex seed has cough-relieving apophlegmatic and alleviates the effect of bronchospasm, cures mainly flu, cough, asthma, wandering arthritis, malaria, stomachache, hernia, anal fistula etc.Negundo Chastetree Leaf can relieving superficies by cooling, eliminating damp, detoxifying, cures mainly flu, heatstroke, vomiting and diarrhoea, dysentery, malaria, jaundice, rheumatism, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury, sore pain mange, and can prevent the development of formaldehyde sacroiliitis swelling.The decoction of Negundo Chastetree Leaf or root has restraining effect to bacillus such as streptococcus aureus, beta hemolytic streptococcus and large intestine, anthrax, diphtheria, typhoid fever, green pus, dysentery.Five-leaved chaste tree plants essential oil, also claims perfume oil or volatile oil, is a class plant-sourced secondary metabolism class material, is molecular weight in plant materials, can steams with water vapour, have the volatility oily liquid substance of certain smell.Essential oil is generally to extract fruit, flower, leaf and the root from plant, has strong fragrance or smell.The chemical composition more complicated that it is contained, can be divided into aliphatics, aromatic series and terpene three major types and their containing oxygen derivative as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, acid, ether, ester, lactone etc. by chemical structure, also has in addition nitrogenous and compound sulfur-bearing.Conventionally plants essential oil is used for preparing essence and flavoring agent, but in the last few years, the anti-microbial activity of plants essential oil and single component thereof has been carried out to a large amount of research both at home and abroad.Research shows, that plants essential oil has is antibacterial, desinsection, anti-oxidant isoreactivity, at aspects such as medicine, agricultural chemicals, fodder additivess, has widespread use.Five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil has significant comprehensive insecticidal activity to Main Stored Grain Insects such as sitophilus zea-mais, Callosobruchus chinensis, lesser grain borers, and can effectively control Fl for the formation of population, reduces its quantity.Monomer Terpane, firpene all have higher insecticidal activity to corundum Sitophilusspp. imago, are insecticide active substances important in five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil.The employing steam distillations such as Yang Haixia extract volatile oil from five-leaved chaste tree.Utilize gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technology (GC.MS) to study the chemical composition of five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil.Be separated to altogether 37 compounds, identified wherein 28.Mainly comprise caryophyllene (23.981%).Huang Qiong (2008) etc. extract the volatile oil of Vitex negundo var cannabifolia with microwave irradiation, use capillary gas chromatography one MS in conjunction with computer search, its chemical composition is carried out respectively to analysis and identification, by area normalization method, measure the relative content of each compound in volatile oil.Result identifies 16 compounds altogether, and volatilization main body of oil is caryophyllene (20.14%).Extract the more conventional extracting method of plant volatile oil and have steam distillation (water distillation method, distilling above water method, steam distillation), water diffusion process, solvent extraction method, absorption method, supercritical CO 2abstraction technique, ultrasonic wave auxiliary extraction technology, microwave radiation induction abstraction technique, enzyme extraction technology etc.Shortcoming is to destroy large to heat-sensitive substance and unstable constituents.Summary of the inventionThe object of the invention is to provide a kind of employing simultaneous distillation method, use the preparation method of opposed polarity organic solvent extraction five-leaved chaste tree volatile oil.Technical scheme of the present invention is, it is characterized in that adopting and weigh 10g five-leaved chaste tree powder in the round-bottomed flask of 1000mL, add 300mL distilled water and make abundant submergence material, separately get 50mL normal hexane in 500mL flask, connect distilling and extracting device simultaneously, make material one end keep about 110 ± 5 ℃ of slight boiling condition temperature, organic solvent-normal hexane one end temperature is controlled at 80 ℃ ± 5 ℃, treating all to reflux in both sides starts timing and maintains 4h, after extraction, organic reagent is transferred in tool plug triangular flask, add anhydrous sodium sulphate to being fine-grannular without large caking, refrigerator overnight, after crossing the millipore filtration of 0.45 μ m, rotary evaporation is to residual on a small quantity, transfer in sample injection bottle and nitrogen blowing to solvent-free smell, obtain yellow volatile oil, there is strong peat-reek, this essential oil is carried out to GC-MS on-line analysis, organic reagent normal hexane is changed and makees hexanaphthene (90 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of temperature), methylene dichloride (50 ℃ ± 5 ℃), ethyl acetate (90 ℃ ± 5 ℃) and use the same method and carry out while distillation extraction, distillation extraction is that sample aqueous solution and organic reagent are placed in respectively to the both sides of instrument and are heated to boiling simultaneously, water vapor and solvent vapo(u)r fully mix in device, simultaneously condensation is got off and the organic solvent component in aqueous phase extracted constantly still in the process dirty along prolong, because water and organic phase are not dissolved each other in U-shaped pipe and to be separated, be back to respectively in the flask of both sides, through distillation, extraction process continuous, circulation, reach the object of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds of trace in extraction, separation and enrichment sample.Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the extractive technique of screening has extraction yield feature high, simple to operate; Be used for the fresh-keeping of fresh lotus rhizome, effect is excellent; Contribute to improve the content of target compound. -
Wholesale 100% Pure & nature zedoary turmeric Essential oil for anti-inflammatory
About Plant
Though the Zedoary (Curcuma Zedoaria) is native to India and Indonesia, it is also found in the flat southern terrain forests of Nepal. It was introduced to Europe by Arabs around the sixth century, but its use as a spice in the West today is extremely rare. Zedoary is a rhizome, also known as Kachur in Nepali and grows in tropical and subtropical wet forest of Nepal. The fragrant plant bears yellow flowers with red and green bracts and the underground stem section is large and tuberous with numerous branches. The leaf shoots of the zedoary are long and can reach 1 meter (3 feet) in height. The edible root of zedoary has a white interior and a fragrance reminiscent of mango; however its flavor is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste. In Indonesia it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India it tends to be used fresh or pickled.
History of Zedoary Plant
This plant is native to both India and Indonesia and now it is found in many parts of the world including US. Zedoary was introduced to Arabian countries by Europeans during 6th century. But today many countries use ginger instead of this one. Zedoary grows wonderfully in tropical and subtropical wet forest regions.
Health Benefits of Zedoary Essential Oil
Zedoary Essential Oil is known to be an excellent supplement for the digestive systems with a large scale utility for the gastrointestinal stimulant in flatulent colic. It also assists in preventing stress ulceration. The herbal extract has medicinal use in traditional eastern medicine where it has been used as an aid to digestion, a relief for colic, for blood purification, and as anti-venom for the Indian cobra. Listed below are few of the popular health benefits of using zedoary essential oil
1. Excellent digestive aidZedoary herb is used to treat problems in the digestive system especially in the gastrointestinal tract since ancient times. The herb and its essential oil are supposed to be beneficial in treating indigestion, colic, loss of appetite, spasms, flatulence, infestation of worms, tastelessness and irregular bowel movement. It is considered as a natural aid for preventing ulceration due to stress.
The oil is proven safe for using it on the skin. Add 3 drops of Zedoary essential oil with almond oil and gently massage it on your tummy for relieving from colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, indigestion, irregular bowel movement and spasms.
Apart from that you can also add 2 drops of this oil to warm bathing water for stimulating your digestion, improving your appetite and assist in expelling the worms through excretion. Adding 2 to 3 drops of Zedoary oil to your diffuser will also help in enhancing your appetite, reducing vomiting sensation and promoting speedy digestive process.
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Pure Draconis Sanguis oil for candle and soap making wholesale diffuser essential oil new for reed burner diffusers
It’s like the difference between a cup of instant coffee versus freshly roasted, freshly ground coffee.
By buying fresh, whole ingredients, and then grinding and processing them ourselves in small batches, we remain in control of quality and can adjust our batches for the idiosyncrasies of each ingredient. Then, we get to pass along that quality to you.
That’s the secret to making a good product: no cutting corners!
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Pure Natural Artemisia Annua Oil for Medical
ue to the presence of the unique sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone artemisinin (Qinghaosu), one of the most important plant-derived drug in the treatment of the chloroquine-resistant and cerebral malarias, the plant is cropped on a large scale in China, Vietnam, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Australia. In India, it is cultivated on an experimental basis in the Himalayan regions, as well as temperate and subtropical conditions [3].
The essential oil which is rich in mono- and sesquiterpenes represents another source of potential commercial value [4]. Besides significant variations in its percentage and composition have been reported, it has been successfully subjected to numerous studies which mainly concern the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Diverse experimental studies have been reported to date using different methods and testing different microorganisms; therefore, a comparative analysis on a quantitative basis is very difficult. The aim of our review is to sum up data on antimicrobial activity of A. annua volatiles and its major components to facilitate future approach of microbiological experimental in this field.
2. Plant Distribution and Yield of the Volatiles
Essential (volatile) oil of A. annua can reach yields of 85 kg/ha. It is synthesised by secretory cells, especially of the uppermost foliar portion of the plant (top 1/3 of growth at maturity) which contains almost double number if compared with the lower leaves. It is reported that 35% of the mature leaf surface is covered with capitate glands which contain the terpenoidic volatile constituents. Essential oil from A. annua is distributed, with 36% of the total from the upper third of the foliage, 47% from the middle third, and 17% from the lower third, with only trace amounts in the main stem side shoots and roots. The yield of the oil generally ranges between 0.3 and 0.4% but it can reach 4.0% (V/W) from selected genotypes. Several studies have permitted the conclusion that A. annua crop could be harvested much before onset of flowering for obtaining high yields of artemisinin and the crop must be allowed to attain maturity to obtain high yields of the essential oil [5, 6].
Yield (herbage and essential oil content) can be increased with added nitrogen and the greatest growth was obtained with 67 kg N/ha. Increasing density of plants tended to increase essential oil production on an area basis, but the highest essential oil yields (85 kg oil/ha) were achieved by the intermediate density at 55,555 plants/ha receiving 67 kg N/ha. Finally the planting date and harvest time can influence the maximum concentration of the produced essential oil [6].
3. Chemical Profile of the Essential Oil
The essential oil, generally obtained by hydrodistillation of the flowering tops, analysed with GC-MS, revealed a great variability both in the qualitative and quantitative composition.
Chemical profile is generally influenced by the harvesting season, fertilizer and the pH of soils, the choice and stage of drying conditions, the geographic location, chemotype or subspecies, and choice of part plant or genotype or extraction method. In Table 1, the main constituents (>4%) of the investigated samples are reported.
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Top Quality Body Massage Chuanxiong Oil Ligusticum Wallichii Oil
Parts Most Frequently Used: Root, Rhizome
Flavors/Temps: Acrid, Pungent, Warm
Caution: Considered safe. If you overdose, vomiting and dizziness can occur. Up to 9 g is considered safe, with up to 3-6 g used to treat irregular menses.
Key Constituents: Alkaloid (Tetramethylpyrazine), Ferulic acid (a phenolic compound), Chrysophanol, Sedanoic acid, Essential oils (Ligustilide and Butylphthalide)
History/Folklore: A very popular herb in China and Korea, where it grows wild and has been cultivated for centuries. It is widely used to treat gynecological disorders and disorders due to blood clotting, including injuries and coronary and cerebral clotting.
Ligusticum is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs in Chinese Medicine. It is said to nourish Yin and supplement Kidney Qi (Energy), strengthening the Muscles and Bone and promoting clear vision and improved hearing.
Shen Nung, China’s first herbalist said it is a tonic to the vital centers, brightens the eye, strengthens the Yin, quiets the five viscera, nourishes the vital principle, makes vigorous the loins and naval, expels the hundred diseases, restores grey hair, and if taken for a long time will increase the firmness of the flesh, giving sprightliness and youth to the body.
The herb is also popularly used when the seasons are changing between the summer and fall, as these are times when either people fall ill or existing symptoms become aggravated. Allergic and dry coughs, eczema, muscle aches, and joint stiffness all benefit from ligusticum during this time of year.
A highly aromatic herb, it is used in China, not only to move Blood (Xue) and Qi (Energy), but also to Warm the Meridians, protect Blood, and Cool excess Fire.
Its scent is described as earthy with a hint of caramel or butterscotch. It is used as a food flavoring and added to cosmetics for its fragrance.
Because ligusticum excels at improving both Blood (Xue) and Qi (Energy) circulation, it is considered to be an excellent cleansing tonic, especially for the Liver.
It combines well with almost any other tonic herb and may be added to almost any formula.
Not to be confused with Ligusticum sinense or Ligusticum porteri, plants that are in the same genus, but that have different attributes, Ligusticum wallichii (aka Szechuan Lovage Root, Chuan Xiong) is a famous blood tonic herb that can also help relieve pain and inflammation. It is an acrid, pungent, and warming herb. Ligusticum sinense (aka Chinese Lovage Root, Straw Weed, or Gao Ben) is best known for treating bladder infections and lung infections. It is a warm, pungent herb. Ligusticum porteri (aka Osha, Tie Da Yin Chen) is native to North America and best known for treating bronchitis, sore throats, cold and flu and pneumonia. It is pungent, slightly bitter, and warming. Hemlock, a poisonous plant is often confused with Ligusticum porteri, so pay attention to identification if wild harvesting this herb. Hemlock has round seeds, Osha has oval seeds. Hemlock has purple spots on its stem, Osha has no spots.
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Get Best Quality 100% Pure Angelica Root Essential Oil from Wholesale Exporters At Low Price Angelica Root Oil Bulk Exporters
Angelica Oil
Angelica oil is also known as the oil of angels and is widely used as a health tonic. It comes from an African herb known as Angelica, and is obtained once the root nodules, seeds and the entire herb undergo steam distillation.
Nutritional Value of Angelica Oil
Once the oil is extracted from the herb, its medicinal properties can be used. Angelica Oil contains a host of nutrients such as beta pinene, alpha pinene, camphene, alpha phellandrene, sabiene, bornyl acetate, beta phellandrene, humulene oxide
It also includes limonene, myrcene, cryptone, cis ocimene, beta bisabolene, copaene,humulene oxide, limonene, para cymene, rho cymenol, myrcene, pentadecanolide, trans ocimene, terpinolene, terpinenol, and tridecanolide.
Angelica oil acts as anti-spasmodic
A spasm is basically an involuntary contraction that occurs in the internal organs, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and the respiratory tracts and leads to severe cramps, coughs, convulsions, stomach aches and chest aches, obstructions in the blood circulation, and various other problems.
Spasms can also lead to diarrhea and nervous afflictions and ticks that can impair the way your body functions on a day to day basis. Since these spasms are unpredictable and involuntary, there isn’t a specific cure for them apart from inducing a sense of relaxation in the affected areas.
This is where angelica oil comes in. It relieves spasms by relaxing your body when applied and can also give relief from the painful symptoms that can occur because of spasms.
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Wholesale bulk price 100% Pure Forsythiae Fructus oil Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. (Family Oleaceae) is an ornamental shrub, the fruits of which are used as the well-known TCM “Forsythiae Fructus” (FF) (连翘in Chinese). The TCM characteristics of FF are summarized as bitter in flavor, with a mild cold nature and lung, heart or intestinum meridian distributions (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015), those characteristics are parallel to the characterisation of anti-inflammatory TCM, according to Chen and Zhang (2014). In Shennong’s herbal, FF was used for the treatment of pyrexia, inflammation, gonorrhea, carbuncle and erysipelas (Cho et al., 2011). Two forms of FF are available, the greenish fresh ripe fruit called “Qingqiao” and the yellow fully ripe one called “Laoqiao”. Both of them serve as official sources of FF, nevertheless, Qingqiao is used more frequently in TCM prescriptions (Jia et al., 2015). The major producing areas of FF are Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu (cultivated) and Sichuan Provinces (Editorial Board of Flora of China, 1978).
In the 2015 edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 114 Chinese medicinal preparations containing FF are listed, such as Shuanghuanglian oral solution, Yinqiao Jiedu tablet, Niuhuang Shangqing tablets, etc (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015). Modern researches reveal its anti-inflammatory (Kim et al., 2003), antioxidant (C.C. Chen et al., 1999), antibacterial (Han et al., 2012), anti-cancer (Hu et al., 2007), anti-virus (Ko et al., 2005), anti-allergy (Hao et al., 2010), neuroprotective (S. Zhang et al., 2015) effects, etc. Although only the fruit is used as TCM, some studies reported the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of leaves (Ge et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015), flowers (Takizawa et al., 1981) and seeds (Zhang et al., 2002) of F. suspensa. Therefore, we now provide a systematic overview of the available information of F. suspensa, including traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and quality control. Also, the possible future directions of research are discussed.
Section snippets
Traditional uses
In classical Chinese herbal texts, FF is recorded as useful in the treatment of rat fistula, scrofula, carbuncle, malignant ulcer, gall tumor, heat and poison (Shennong’s herbal, Bencao Chongyuan, Bencao Zhengyi, Zhenglei Bencao). According to many ancient classics, this medical herb is considerably effective on clearing the heat of heart channel and releasing the dampness-heat of spleen and stomach. It is also therapeutic for the treatment of stranguria, oedema, qi stagnancy and blood stasis
Botany
F. suspensa (Weeping Forsythia) is an ornamental deciduous shrub native to China, growing to a height of about 3 m (Fig. 1). It has hollow internodes with spreading or pendulous branchlets that are yellow-brown or gray-brown in colour. Leaves are usually simple, but sometimes 3-foliolate. Leaf blades are ovate, broadly ovate, or elliptic-ovate and 2–10 × 1.5–5 cm2 in size with a rounded to cuneate base and an acute apex. Both sides of the leaves are green, glabrous with sharply or coarsely
Phytochemistry
Nowadays, 237 compounds have been found in F. suspensa, including 46 lignans (1–46), 31 phenylethanoid glycosides (47–77), 11 flavonoids (78–88), 80 terpenoids (89–168), 20 cyclohexylethanol derivatives (169–188), six alkaloids (189–194), four steroidals (195–198) and 39 other compounds (199–237). Among them, two components (21–22) were isolated from the flowers of F. suspensa, 19 components (94–100, 107–111, 115–117, 198, 233–235) were isolated from the leaves of F. suspensa, four constituents
Anti-inflammatory effects
Anti-inflammatory activities of FF support its heat-clearing effects (Guo et al., 2015). Inflammation is a physical respond to infectious, allergic, or chemical stimulation (Lee et al., 2011). It engages in the development of chronic diseases, such as skin diseases, allergies, and cancer, etc. FF is one of TCM with potent anti-inflammatory capacities, it is widely applied to chronic and acute inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activities of FF ranked top five among 81 tested TCM (70% ethanol
Toxicity
Up to now, there is no report on the toxicity of FF. Daily administration dose of FF is suggested to be 6–15 g (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015). Relevant reports indicated no acute toxicity of water or ethanol extract of the leaves of F. suspensa in mice, even at daily dose of 61.60 g/kg (Ai et al., 2011, Hou et al., 2016, Li et al., 2013). Han et al. (2017) reported no acute toxicity of phillyrin (from the leaves of F. suspensa) in NIH mice (18.1 g/kg/day, p.o., for14 days) or no
Pharmacokinetics
Li et al. identified nine phase I metabolites of phillyrin in urinary samples of rats and presented its possible metabolic pathways in rats. Phillyrin was initially hydrolyzed into phillygenin and then converted to other metabolites dominantly through methylation, demethylation, dehydroxylation and ring-opening procedures (Li et al., 2014c). H. Wang et al. (2016) identified 34 phase I and phase II metabolites of phillyrin and indicated that hydrolysis, oxidation and sulfation were major
Quality control
To control the quality of FF, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia suggests morphological, microscopic and TLC identification in addition to HPLC determination. Qualified FF samples should contain more than 0.150% phillyrin (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015).
However, a single quantitative marker, phillyrin, seems insufficient to assess the quality of FF. Recently, various bioactive components in FF were examined by distinctive chromatography, electrophoresis, MS and NMR methods, such as
Conclusion and future perspectives
The present review summarizes comprehensive information about the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmaceutical effects, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and quality control of F. suspensa. In classical Chinese herbal texts and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, FF is dominantly used for heat-clearing and detoxifying. Till now, more than 230 compounds have been separated and identified from this herb. Among them, lignans and phenylethanoid glycosides are considered as characteristic and bioactive
TCM definitions
Yin: “Yin” is one of the two complementary opposite forces of nature, per the ancient Chinese construct of the universe. “Yin” is characterised as slow, soft, yielding, diffuse, cold, wet or tranquil, and it is associated with water, earth, the moon, femininity and nighttime.
Qi: In acupuncture terms, “qi” is the “life force”. It is the source of all movement within the body, the protection against invasion of the body, the source of all metabolic activity, provides for the holding of tissues
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Beijing Joint Project of Science Research with postgraduate education–Key technology research and application of safety evaluation of toxic Chinese medicinal materials based on the chemical composition and the characteristics of zebrafish.
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Ethnopharmacological relevance
A common view in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory is that “processing can alter the efficacy of crude drugs”. The clinical usage of some processed products may have already changed greatly over time during the development of modern scientific analysis. Therefore, the view of “processing can alter the efficacy of crude drugs” should be confirmed by comparative studies. Schizonepetae Spica (SS), a Chinese medicinal herb, is the dried spike of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. It is available in two forms: raw products and charred products (Schizonepetae Spica Carbonisata, SSC; raw SS processed by stir-frying until carbonization). Raw SS is commonly used to treat TCM symptoms that resemble common cold, fever, respiratory tract infection and allergic dermatitis, while SSC has long been used as a remedy for TCM symptoms that resemble bloody stool and metrorrhagia.
Aim of the study
We aimed to examine whether stir-fry processing alters the anti-inflammatory, antiviral and hemostatic activities of SS and explore the chemical profile behind the potential changes in medicinal properties caused by stir-fry processing.
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